Craig R. Smith Papers

Collection

Identifier: MANUSCRIPT-UA00065

Staff Only

Dates

Creation: 1978 - 2019

Creator

Smith, Craig R., 1954- (Person)

Biographical / Historical

Craig Randall Smith was born August 28, 1954 in Bay Shore, New York. Smith earned a BS in Biological Science with high honors from Michigan State University in 1977. In 1983, he earned a Ph.D. in Biological Oceanography from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California at San Diego, under the mentorship of Robert R. Hessler, a pioneer in deep-sea hydrothermal vent research. Throughout his career, Smith has researched seafloor ecology, oceanography, and conservation with a focus on benthic ecology at organic falls, abyssal plains, and the Antarctic shelf. In particular, Smith is one of the most prominent researchers on whale falls and chemosynthetic communities. Smith has written over 140 scientific papers on seafloor ecology, biodiversity, anthropogenic impacts on the ocean, and the design of marine protected areas in the context of deep-sea nodule mining. In addition to this, Smith has participated in and led projects and workshops on an international scale, including the Equatorial Pacific Process Study and the Census of Diversity of Abyssal Marine Life (CeDAMar). During his studies, Smith was a Summer Student Fellow and Postdoctoral Scholar at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. He worked briefly in 1985 at the University of Washington as a Postdoctoral Research Associate and Research Assistant Professor until coming to the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in 1988 as an Associate Professor. Smith became a Professor in 1995 and taught several Oceanography courses over his 33-year career, at both undergraduate and graduate levels. During 1995-1998 and 2004-2007, Smith was Chair of the Oceanography Department at UH Mānoa. In 2003, Smith received a Pew Fellowship in Marine Conservation to design Marine Protected Areas. In addition to this, Smith led the Craig Smith’s Benthic Ecology Lab and mentored several graduate and undergraduate students. In 2005, Smith was invited to do research at the Max Planck Institute with the Hanse Wissenschaftskolleg Fellowship. In 2006, Smith received the Klaus Wyrtki Outstanding Graduate Teaching Award. Smith received the Senckenberg Prize in Nature Research in 2017 for his work in marine conservation. In 2019, he was awarded the University of Hawai’i Board of Regents Medal for Excellence in Research. He retired Professor Emeritus in 2021 and continues work as an Affiliate Scientist with Ocean Networks Canada. References People. Craig Smith’s Benthic Ecology Lab. (2019, September 11). https://craigrsmithlab.com/people/ Smith, Craig R. (2017). Curriculum Vitae. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/csmith/Files/SmithC.CV.pdf University of Hawaii at Manoa. (n.d.). Craig Smith. SOEST. https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soestwp/about/directory/craig-smith/

Extent

10 Linear Feet

Language

English

Additional Description

Bibliography

International Seabed Authority. Office of Resources and Environmental Monitoring. (1999). Deep-seabed polymetallic nodule exploration: Development of environmental guidelines: Proceedings of the International Seabed Authority’s Workshop held in Sanya, Hainan Island, People’s Republic of China, 1-5 June 1998 . Kingston, Jamaica: International Seabed Authority. https://uhawaii-manoa.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01UHAWAII_MANOA/1j16209/alma9921713574605682 Allison, P. A., Smith, C. R., Kukert, H., Deming, J. W., & Bennett, B. A. (1991). Deep-water taphonomy of vertebrate carcasses: A whale skeleton in the bathyal Santa Catalina Basin. Paleobiology, 17(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300010368 Austen, M. C., Lambshead, P. J. D., Hutchings, P. A., Boucher, G., Snelgrove, P. V. R., Heip, C., King, G., Koike, I., & Smith, C. (2002). Biodiversity links above and below the marine sediment-water interface that may influence community stability. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11(1), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014098917535 Baco, A., & Smith, C. (2003). High species richness in deep-sea chemoautotrophic whale skeleton communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 260, 109–114. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps260109 Baco, A., Smith, C., Peek, A., Roderick, G., & Vrijenhoek, R. (1999). The phylogenetic relationships of whale-fall vesicomyid clams based on mitochondrial COI DNA sequences. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 182, 137–147. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps182137 Bennett, B., Smith, C., Glaser, B., & Maybaum, H. (1994). Faunal community structure of a chemoautotrophic assemblage on whale bones in the deep northeast Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 108, 205–223. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps108205 Berelson, W. M., Anderson, R. F., Dymond, J., Demaster, D., Hammond, D. E., Collier, R., Honjo, S., Leinen, M., Mcmanus, J., Pope, R., Smith, C., & Stephens, M. (1997). Biogenic budgets of particle rain, benthic remineralization and sediment accumulation in the equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 44(9–10), 2251–2282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00030-1 Brown, C. J., Lambshead, P. J. D., Smith, C. R., Hawkins, L. E., & Farley, R. (2001). Phytodetritus and the abundance and biomass of abyssal nematodes in the central, equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 48(2), 555–565. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00049-2 Dahlgren, T. G., Glover, A. G., Baco, A., & Smith, C. R. (2004). Fauna of whale falls: Systematics and ecology of a new polychaete (Annelida: chrysopetalidae) from the deep Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 51(12), 1873–1887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.07.017 Deming, J. W., Reysenbach, A.-L., Macko, S. A., & Smith, C. R. (1997). Evidence for the microbial basis of a chemoautotrophic invertebrate community at a whale fall on the deep seafloor: Bone-colonizing bacteria and invertebrate endosymbionts. Microscopy Research and Technique, 37(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970415)37:2162::AID-JEMT4>3.0.CO;2-Q Demopoulos, A. W. J., Smith, C. R., Demaster, D. J., & Fornes, W. L. (2003). Evaluation of excess 234Th activity in sediments as an indicator of food quality for deep-sea deposit feeders. Journal of Marine Research, 61(2), 267–284. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224003322005096 Doan, S. E. (1994). Decay of 14C labeled diatom detritus in “diffusively” mixed vs. Unmixed sediment. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Feldman, R. A., Shank, T. M., Black, M. B., Baco, A. R., Smith, C. R., & Vrijenhoek, R. C. (1998). Vestimentiferan on a whale fall. The Biological Bulletin, 194(2), 116–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/1543041 Fornes, W. L., DeMaster, D. J., & Smith, C. R. (2001). A particle introduction experiment in Santa Catalina Basin sediments: Testing the age-dependent mixing hypothesis. Journal of Marine Research, 59(1), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224001321237380 Galley, E. A., Tyler, P. A., Smith, C. R., & Clarke, A. (2008). Reproductive biology of two species of holothurian from the deep-sea order Elasipoda, on the Antarctic continental shelf. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2515–2526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.07.002 Glover, A. G., & Smith, C. R. (2003). The deep seafloor ecosystem: Current status and prospects of anthropogenic change by the year 2025. Environmental Conservation, 30(3), 219–241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892903000225 Glover, A., Smith, C., Paterson, G., Wilson, G., Hawkins, L., & Sheader, M. (2002). Polychaete species diversity in the central Pacific abyss: Local and regional patterns, and relationships with productivity. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 240, 157–170. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps240157 Gooday, A. J., Bowser, S. S., Bett, B. J., & Smith, C. R. (2000). A large testate protist, Gromia sphaerica sp. Nov. (Order filosea), from the bathyal Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(1–2), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00100-9 Hartnett, H., Boehme, S., Thomas, C., DeMaster, D., & Smith, C. (2008). Benthic oxygen fluxes and denitrification rates from high-resolution porewater profiles from the Western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2415–2424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.002 Kukert, H., & Smith, C. R. (1992). Disturbance, colonization and succession in a deep-sea sediment community: Artificial-mound experiments. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 39(7–8), 1349–1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(92)90073-3 Lambshead, P., Brown, C., Ferrero, T., Mitchell, N., Smith, C., Hawkins, L., & Tietjen, J. (2002). Latitudinal diversity patterns of deep-sea marine nematodes and organic fluxes: A test from the central equatorial Pacific. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 236, 129–135. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps236129 Lambshead, P. J. D., Brown, C. J., Ferrero, T. J., Hawkins, L. E., Smith, C. R., & Mitchell, N. J. (2003). Biodiversity of nematode assemblages from the region of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, an area of commercial mining interest. BMC Ecology, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-3-1 Levin, L. A., Childers, S. E., & Smith, C. R. (1991). Epibenthic, agglutinating foraminiferans in the Santa Catalina Basin and their response to disturbance. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 38(4), 465–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(91)90047-J Levin, L. A., Etter, R. J., Rex, M. A., Gooday, A. J., Smith, C. R., Pineda, J., Stuart, C. T., Hessler, R. R., & Pawson, D. (2001). Environmental influences on regional deep-sea species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32(1), 51–93. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114002 Levin, L. A., Sibuet, M., Gooday, A. J., Smith, C. R., & Vanreusel, A. (2010). The roles of habitat heterogeneity in generating and maintaining biodiversity on continental margins: An introduction. Marine Ecology, 31(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2009.00358.x Mangold, K. M., Young, R. E., & Smith, C. R. (1998). In search of Rossia pacifica diegensis S. S. Berry, 1912. American Malacological Bulletin, 14(2). Miller, R. J., Smith, C. R., Demaster, D. J., & Fornes, W. L. (2000). Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing by deep-sea megafaunal deposit feeders: A Thorium-234 tracer approach. Journal of Marine Research, 58(4), 653–673. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224000321511061 Mincks, S. L., Smith, C. R., Glover, P. Y., Glover, A. G., & DeMaster, D. J. (2001). Benthic Responses to Seasonal Phytodetritus Deposition on the West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf. Eos (Washington, D.C.), 82. Mincks, S. L., Smith, C. R., Jeffreys, R. M., & Sumida, P. Y. G. (2008). Trophic structure on the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf: Detritivory and benthic inertia revealed by δ13C and δ15N analysis. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2502–2514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.009 Neal, L., Mincks Hardy, S., Smith, C., & Glover, A. (2011). Polychaete species diversity on the West Antarctic Peninsula deep continental shelf. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 428, 119–134. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09012 Pope, R. H., Demaster, D. J., Smith, C. R., & Seltmann, H. (1996). Rapid bioturbation in equatorial Pacific sediments: Evidence from excess 234Th measurements. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 43(4–6), 1339–1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(96)00009-4 Purinton, B. L., DeMaster, D. J., Thomas, C. J., & Smith, C. R. (2008). 14C as a tracer of labile organic matter in Antarctic benthic food webs. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2438–2450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.004 Schuller, D., Kadko, D., & Smith, C. R. (2004). Use of 210Pb/226Ra disequilibria in the dating of deep-sea whale falls. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 218(3–4), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00690-3 Smallwood, B. J., Wolff, G. A., Bett, B. J., Smith, C. R., Hoover, D., Gage, J. D., & Patience, A. (1999). Megafauna can control the quality of organic matter in marine sediments. Naturwissenschaften, 86(7), 320–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001140050624 Smith, C. R. (1985). Food for the deep sea: Utilization, dispersal, and flux of nekton falls at the Santa catalina basin floor. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 32(4), 417–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(85)90089-5 Smith, C. R. (1986). Nekton falls, low-intensity disturbance and community structure of infaunal benthos in the deep sea. Journal of Marine Research, 44(3), 567–600. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224086788403015 Smith, C. R. (1991). Review of “The Deep Seabed. Its Physics, Chemistry and Biology,” N. Charnock et al., eds. Science, 251, 576–577. Smith, C. R. (1992a). Factors controlling bioturbation in deep-sea sediments and their relation to models of carbon diagenesis. Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle, 375–393. Smith, C. R. (1992b). Whale falls: Chemosynthesis at the deep-sea floor. Oceanus, 35, 74–78. Smith, C. R. (1994). Tempo and mode in deep-sea benthic ecology: Punctuated equilibrium revisited. PALAIOS, 9(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.2307/3515074 Smith, C. R. (2007). 22. Bigger is better the role of whales as detritus in marine ecosystems. In J. A. Estes, D. P. DeMaster, D. F. Doak, T. M. Williams, & R. L. Brownell (Eds.), Whales, Whaling, and Ocean Ecosystems (pp. 286–300). University of California Press. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520933200-026/html Smith, C. R. (2008). Final Report for Pew Fellowship to Craig R. Smith through the University of Hawaii Foundation. Smith, C. R. (2009). Organic falls on the ocean floor. In R. Gillespie & D. Clague (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Islands (pp. 700–701). University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520943728-165 Smith, C. R., A. Levin, L., Hoover, D. J., McMurtry, G., & Gage, J. D. (2000). Variations in bioturbation across the oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 47(1–2), 227–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00108-3 Smith, C. R., Austen, M. C., Boucher, G., Heip, C., Hutchings, P. A., King, G. M., Koike, I., Lambshead, P. J. D., & Snelgrove, P. (2000). Global change and biodiversity linkages across the sediment–water interface. BioScience, 50(12), 1108. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[1108:GCABLA]2.0.CO;2 Smith, C. R., & Baco, A. R. (1998). Phylogenetic and functional affinities between whale-fall, seep and vent chemoautotrophic communities. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 39(3–4), 345–346. Smith, C. R., Baco, A. R., & Glover, A. G. (2002). Faunal succession on replicate deep-sea whale falls: Time scales and vent-seep affinities. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 43, 293–297. https://doi.org/10.21411/CBM.A.9E544082 Smith, C. R., Baco, A. R., & Williams, A. B. (2000). New species of paralomis (Decapoda, anomura, lithodidae) from a sunken whale carcass in the san clemente basin off southern california. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20(5), 281–285. https://doi.org/10.1163/1937240X-90000030 Smith, C. R., Berelson, W., Demaster, D. J., Dobbs, F. C., Hammond, D., Hoover, D. J., Pope, R. H., & Stephens, M. (1997). Latitudinal variations in benthic processes in the abyssal equatorial Pacific: Control by biogenic particle flux. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 44(9–10), 2295–2317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00022-2 Smith, C. R., DeMaster, D. J., & Fornes, W. L. (2001). Mechanisms of age-dependent mixing on the bathyal California margin: The young and the restless. Organism-Sediment Interactions . Smith, C. R., DeMaster, D. J., Thomas, C., & Sumida, P. Y. (2001). Food banks on the antarctic shelf: The impact and fate of summer bloom material at the seafloor. Smith, C. R., Gaines, S., Friedlander, A., Morgan, C., Thurnherr, A., Mincks, S., Watling, L., Rogers, A., Clark, M., Baco-Taylor, A., Bernardino, A., & Prescott, P. (2008). Preservation Reference Areas for Nodule Mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone: Rationale and Recommendations to the International Seabed Authority. http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/csmith/MPA_webpage/documents/Smith%20et%20al.%20-%20Recommendations%20to%20the%20ISA%20for%20design%20of%20PRAs%20in%20the%20CCZ%20-%202-2008.pdf Smith, C. R., & Hamilton, S. C. (1983). Epibenthic megafauna of a bathyal basin off southern California: Patterns of abundance, biomass, and dispersion. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 30(9), 907–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(83)90048-1 Smith, C. R., Hoover, D. J., Doan, S. E., Pope, R. H., Demaster, D. J., Dobbs, F. C., & Altabet, M. A. (1996). Phytodetritus at the abyssal seafloor across 10° of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 43(4–6), 1309–1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(96)00015-X Smith, C. R., Jumars, P. A., & DeMaster, D. J. (1986). In situ studies of megafaunal mounds indicate rapid sediment turnover and community response at the deep-sea floor. Nature, 323(6085), 251–253. https://doi.org/10.1038/323251a0 Smith, C. R., & Kukert, H. (1996). Macrobenthic community structure, secondary production, and rates of bioturbation and sedimentation at the Kane’ohe Bay lagoon floor. Pacific Science, 50(2). Smith, C. R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R. A., Jumars, P. A., & Deming, J. W. (1989). Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341(6237), 27–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/341027a0 Smith, C. R., Levin, L. A., & Mullineaux, L. S. (1998). Deep-sea biodiversity: A tribute to Robert R. Hessler. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 45(1–3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00088-X Smith, C. R., Maybaum, H. L., Baco, A. R., Pope, R. H., Carpenter, S. D., Yager, P. L., Macko, S. A., & Deming, J. W. (1998). Sediment community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep Northeast Pacific: Macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 45(1–3), 335–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00043-X Smith, C. R., Mincks, S., & DeMaster, D. J. (2006). A synthesis of bentho-pelagic coupling on the Antarctic shelf: Food banks, ecosystem inertia and global climate change. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 53(8–10), 875–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.02.001 Smith, C. R., Mincks, S., & DeMaster, D. J. (2008). The FOODBANCS project: Introduction and sinking fluxes of organic carbon, chlorophyll-a and phytodetritus on the western Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2404–2414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.001 Smith, C. R., Mincks, S. L., Glover, A. G., DeMaster, D. J., & Sumida, P. Y. (n.d.). FOODBANCS on the Antarctic Peninsula Shelf: The Benthic Food Bank Hypothesis and the Seasonal Deposition Pulse. Eos (Washington D.C.), 82. Smith, C. R., Pope, R. H., DeMaster, D. J., & Magaard, L. (1993). Age-dependent mixing of deep-sea sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57(7), 1473–1488. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90007-J Smith, C. R., & Rabouille, C. (2004). Reply to comment by Boudreau on: What controls the mixed‐layer depth in deep‐sea sediments? The importance of POC flux. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(2), 623–624. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.2.0623 Smith, C. R., Walsh, I., & Jahnke, R. A. (1992). Adding biology to one-dimensional models of sediment-carbon degradation: The multi-b approach. Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Deep-Sea Food Chains--Their Relation to the Global Carbon Cycles. Snelgrove, P. V. R., Austen, M. C., Boucher, G., Heip, C., Hutchings, P. A., King, G. M., Koike, I., Lambshead, P. J. D., & Smith, C. R. (2000). Sediments-up and water column-down: Linking biodiversity above and below the marine sediment–water interface. BioScience, 50(12), 1076. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[1076:LBAABT]2.0.CO;2 Snelgrove, P. V. R., Smith, C. R., & Gibson, R. N. (2002). A riot of species in an environmental calm: The paradox of the species-rich deep-sea floor. In M. Barnes & R. J. A. Atkinson (Eds.), Oceanography and Marine Biology, An Annual Review, Volume 40 (0 ed., Vol. 40, pp. 311–342). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203180594 Stephens, M. P., Kadko, D. C., Smith, C. R., & Latasa, M. (1997). Chlorophyll-a and pheopigments as tracers of labile organic carbon at the central equatorial Pacific seafloor. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61(21), 4605–4619. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00358-X Suhr, S., Pond, D., Gooday, A., & Smith, C. (2003). Selective feeding by benthic foraminifera on phytodetritus on the western Antarctic Peninsula shelf: Evidence from fatty acid biomarker analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 262, 153–162. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps262153 Sumida, P. Y. G., Bernardino, A. F., Stedall, V. P., Glover, A. G., & Smith, C. R. (2008). Temporal changes in benthic megafaunal abundance and composition across the West Antarctic Peninsula shelf: Results from video surveys. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2465–2477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.006 Tyler, P. A. (Ed.). (2003). Ecosystems of the deep oceans (1st ed). Elsevier. Waller, R. G., Tyler, P. A., & Smith, C. R. (2008). Fecundity and embryo development of three Antarctic deep-water scleractinians: Flabellum thouarsii, F. curvatum and F. impensum. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 55(22–23), 2527–2534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.07.001 Wheatcroft, R. A., Jumars, P. A., Smith, C. R., & Nowell, A. R. M. (1990). A mechanistic view of the particulate biodiffusion coefficient: Step lengths, rest periods and transport directions. Journal of Marine Research, 48(1), 177–207. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224090784984560

Deaccessions

Research by others, printed non-research information, routine correspondence not specifically addressed to Smith, travel records and ephemera, invoices and detailed financial information (outside of proposal budgets), conference materials where Smith did not present, envelopes, duplicate copies.